{"id":7367,"date":"2022-11-08T21:41:05","date_gmt":"2022-11-08T17:41:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oxygen.org.am\/news\/%d5%ba%d5%bf%d5%b2%d5%ab-%d5%bd%d5%a5%d5%bc%d5%ab-%d5%ad%d5%bf%d6%80%d5%a1%d5%af%d5%a1%d5%b6-%d5%a8%d5%b6%d5%bf%d6%80%d5%b8%d6%82%d5%a9%d5%b5%d5%a1%d5%b6-%d5%b0%d5%a5%d5%bf%d5%a1%d5%a6%d5%b8%d5%bf\/"},"modified":"2023-01-09T14:12:24","modified_gmt":"2023-01-09T10:12:24","slug":"%d5%ba%d5%bf%d5%b2%d5%ab-%d5%bd%d5%a5%d5%bc%d5%ab-%d5%ad%d5%bf%d6%80%d5%a1%d5%af%d5%a1%d5%b6-%d5%a8%d5%b6%d5%bf%d6%80%d5%b8%d6%82%d5%a9%d5%b5%d5%a1%d5%b6-%d5%b0%d5%a5%d5%bf%d5%a1%d5%a6%d5%b8%d5%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oxygen.org.am\/en\/news\/%d5%ba%d5%bf%d5%b2%d5%ab-%d5%bd%d5%a5%d5%bc%d5%ab-%d5%ad%d5%bf%d6%80%d5%a1%d5%af%d5%a1%d5%b6-%d5%a8%d5%b6%d5%bf%d6%80%d5%b8%d6%82%d5%a9%d5%b5%d5%a1%d5%b6-%d5%b0%d5%a5%d5%bf%d5%a1%d5%a6%d5%b8%d5%bf\/","title":{"rendered":"Findings of Research on Gender-Biased Sex Selection in the Republic of Armenia presented"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In November 7, the findings of the research <\/span><b>\u201cGender-Biased Sex Selection in the Republic of Armenia\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was presented to the stakeholders and wider public.\u00a0<\/span><b>At the press conference held in Armenpress news agency,\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and later at a conference taking place at the premises of the UN Armenia office, the representative of the United Nations Population Fund Armenia, Zaruhi Tonoyan, Karen Ayvazyan, OxYGen Foundation and Hasmik Arakelyan, Breavis Research Company presented key findings of the research and answered relevant questions. <\/span><b>Tatevik Stepanyan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Deputy Minister of Labor and Social Affairs,\u00a0<\/span><b>Artak Jumayan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Deputy Minister of Health,\u00a0<\/span><b>Lila Pieters Yahia,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Acting UN Resident Coordinator in Armenia and <\/span><b>Bruno Montariol, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International Aid\/Cooperation Officer at Delegation of the European Union to Armenia and <\/span><b>Margarita Hakobyan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Executive Director of OxYGen Foundation participated in the conference held at the UN Armenia Office and delivered a welcome speech.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The purpose of the research on gender-biased sex selection (GBSS) in the Republic of Armenia (RA) is to identify the attitude and behavior of 18-49 years old ever-pregnant women and their family members with regard to sex-selective abortions. The research pursued the goal of assessing the prevalence and causes of sex-selective abortions in Armenia, as well as the changes and trends in this field over the past 5 years, by making comparative analysis of the research conducted in 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The research was conducted in June 2022 with a confluence of quantitative and qualitative methods, employing three data collection methods: document analysis, telephone interviews with\u00a0<\/span><b>1920 women aged 18-49<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and focus group discussions involving decision-makers in the field, healthcare practitioners, experts, and married women and men. To leverage the comparative analysis, the methodology and sample size of the survey of 2017 have been applied.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A few of the research findings are featured below.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preference of child\u2019s sex (generic data)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Overall,\u00a0<\/span><b>across all marzes of Armenia<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0the percentage of respondents with equal preference has decreased as compared to 2017, and the percentage of respondents who prefer a child of any sex has gone up.\u00a0 In families,\u00a0<\/span><b>18% of respondents prefer boys, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and\u00a0<\/span><b>11% girls,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> wheras in 2017 the preference for boys made\u00a0<\/span><b>13%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0, and for girls &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><b>5%.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As per 2022 research data, claims on equal treatment of both sexes in <\/span><b>their family<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0were made by 70% of respondents. Conversely, a smaller share of respondents, 36%, believe that\u00a0<\/span><b>people surrounding them<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0give equal preference to both sexes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The lowest score of equal preference\u00a0<\/span><b>was reported in Gegharkunik<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<\/span><b>60%.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0The data of 2017 survey for this indicator has been <\/span><b>75%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The best score evidenced came from Kotayk, 77%.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The indicators of equal preference are directly proportional to the level of education and income: \u00a0<\/span><b>75%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0of those giving\u00a0<\/span><b>equal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>preference to both sexes of a child have either bachelors of postgraduate degree<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and similarly\u00a0<\/span><b>75%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>earn higher income<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The study of boy or girl preference indicators by regions\/marzes sheds light on the fact that <\/span><b>boys<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0most preference for boys\u00a0is manifested in <\/span><b>Gegharkunik<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0marz (33% of respondents from this marz.\u00a0<\/span><b>Tavush<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0is the only marz where\u00a0the proportion of those preferring girls in the family is higher (17%). Moreover, the preference for girls in Tavush marz has increased in 2022 compared to the data of 2017. \u00a0<\/span><b>In Yerevan, these indicators are equal.<\/b><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preferred sex of child during the first pregnancy<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The analysis of indicators referring to the child\u2019s sex preference during the first pregnancy shows that overall, the preference for boys over girls persists, while the proportion of those wishing to have a girl at the first pregnancy increased versus 2017, both among women, as well as the husband\/partner (10-11%).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scrutiny of child sex preference during the first pregnancy by the type of settlement reveals that\u00a0<\/span><b>in rural communities girl preference has increased by 7% and boy preference went downward by the same percentage as compared to 2017,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0 even so the number of those who prefer boys remains higher.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yet, in urban areas of marzes, the preference for girls has not only increased, but also supersedes the number of those who prefer boys.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Looking at the figures <\/span><b>by marzes,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0it is apparent that during the first pregnancy, the husbands of all respondents give more preference to boys. Interestingly, women in Lori, Syunik, Tavush, Vayots Dzor and Yerevan give more preference to girls.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As for the answer \u201c<\/span><b>there is no difference<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d the share of respondents going for this option is higher in Tavush and Vayots Dzor versus other marzes.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reasons<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When referring to the reasons for preferring one or the other sex, 91% of respondents stated that they preferred sons in the family, because \u201csons continue the lineage\u201d, 83% stated that \u201csons are the defenders of the motherland\u201d, 67% &#8211; \u201csons are heirs to property\u201d, 59% stated that \u201cit hurts the parents to see their daughter&#8217;s difficulties.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seventy-five percent (112 respondents) of respondents who indicated that \u201cafter marriage, the daughter is no longer yours\u201d said that \u201cit hurts the parents to see their daughter\u2019s difficulties\u201d, and 69% (102 respondents) said that \u201cmarrying off the daughter is psychologically difficult.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Respondents whose families prefer girls, in 67% of cases stated that \u201cdaughters are always ready to help parents\u201d, in 10% of cases that \u201cthere are fewer girls in the family\u201d, and in 5% of cases that \u201clove for girls in the family is big.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sex preference by order of pregnancy<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The proportion of girls and boys born as a result of <\/span><b>first pregnancy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0is equal to the natural level, however,\u00a0the proportion deviates already during the <\/span><b>second pregnancy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0that is the preference for boys grows.\u00a0The biggest sex imbalance is in the case of the <\/span><b>fourth child<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> unlike 2017, where the biggest disproportion reported.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moreover, the trends of abortions based on the sequence of pregnancies show that\u00a0<\/span><b>after the third pregnancy, the number of female fetus abortion increases compared to that of male fetus<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">***<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two policy briefs have been prepared on the basis of the survey findings.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/oxygen.org.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PBARM2.pdf\"><b>The role of education and health systems in prevention of gender-biased sex selection in Armenia<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/oxygen.org.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PBARM1.pdf\"><b>The role of regional and local authorities in the prevention of gender-biased sex selection in Armenia and in the localization of the National Action Plan<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The\u00a0<\/span><b>POLICY BRIEF\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the research can be found at\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oxygen.org.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/gbss_report_executive_summary.pdf\"><b>here.<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The research was carried out in the framework of \u201cAddressing Gender-Biased Sex Selection and Related Harmful Practices in the South Caucasus: Support for Regional, National and South-South Interventions\u201d project. The project is implemented by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in cooperation with the OxYGen Foundation, and is funded by the European Union and UNFPA. The research has been conducted by Breavis.<\/span><\/i>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; 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